7 Free ESL Conversation Lesson Plans

Where My Heart Is - 767 Words

I stood in the doorway, dazed at the conversation that was taking place in front of me. Why on earth would they ever want to move? I stood there taking all of their words in my ears; they went in one ear and out of the other. â€Å"But†¦but why?† I protested. I was saddened inside. A lump grew in the pit of my throat, it felt dry. I ran outside and looked around. The roses bloomed and tulips grew more than I had realized. They were a pretty pink, the kind I would think a fairy would wear on her flower skirt. I plopped down on the soft grass. Tears rolled down my face as if they were racing to the blades of grass as they fell off of my chin. Everything seemed as if it were crashing, falling down, spiraling like an airplane that couldn’t control itself. My mind was fluttering and and jumping around like it was a butterfly being chased by a bumble bee. â€Å"I dont want to leave everyone behind,† I whispered to myself. Another tear strolled down my face and hit my upper thigh. I swirled it around my leg, pretending this catastrophe couldnt be happening. I looked up at all of you on the porch, talking and chatting amongst each other. No one looked sad, no one but me—so I smiled once I saw eyes on me. I pretended as if I had never knew we were leaving the place I call my home, and the people I call my blood. I ran up the porch stairs, weaving and dodging everyone in my path, swung the door open and ran as if I were being chased by police. I jumped on my bed and let out a big scream. IShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Henry Ford915 Words   |  4 Pageshappens to be my heart. That sounds awfully sentimental but that’s not what I mean at all. I was born with ventricular bigeminy, which is a heart arrhythmia where there’s a continuous alteration of long and short beats. This is usually due to the ectopic heart beats occurring so frequently that there is one after each sinus beat, typically premature ventricular contractions (PVC’s). To add to it, one of the ventricles that are supposed to close when you are born never closed in my heart, making a decentRead MoreA Study On Heart Disease1340 Words   |  6 PagesFor my first project of this nutrition course, I am choosing the number one leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease. I am choosing to do my project on heart disease for several reasons. First, heart disease is very common on my father s side of the family. Both of my father s parents have been diagnosed with heart dise ase and my father himself has been diagnosed with high blood pressure, which is a precursor to developing heart disease. Also, by doing my project on heart diseaseRead MoreThe Rental Heart Analysis954 Words   |  4 Pagesintuitively in our guts. But how does it work? Is there an extrasensory perception in the heart that is able to read the feelings in another person’s heart? Love is an assortment of contrasting feelings. To ask, â€Å"What is love?† would be the same as asking, â€Å"What is running?† or â€Å"What is swimming?† If you ever seen someone run or swim, you know exactly what running and swimming entail. The story â€Å"The Rental Heart† deal with love and the feeling you get when love fails you. When you are in love everythingRead MoreExplain The Conclusions Gained From The Investigation1560 Words   |  7 PagesExplain the conclusions gained from the investigation: Results table: Trials Resting heart rate 5 seconds 10 seconds 15 seconds 20 seconds 25 seconds 1 101 124 112 134 136 136 2 101 125 130 133 137 136 3 101 124 129 134 136 137 Average 101 124 129.5 133 136 136 Standard deviation 0.578 5.9 0.9 3.1 0.6 This is an anomalies result. This was not included when working out my mean. My graphs, shows the pulse rate increases, though out the exercise. Pulse rate increased to 124 beats in 5 secondsRead MoreThe Death Of Cameroon : A Heart Defect That Affect The Normal Flow Of Blood Through The Heart1371 Words   |  6 Pageschanged Cabrel’s life was his having heart surgery and coming to States, but before we get there. He was born in central Africa in the country of Cameroon with a congenital heart defect know as Tetralogy of Fallot. Tetralogy of Fallot is a heart defect which changes the normal flow of blood through the heart. This is a rare and complex heart defect which occurs in 5 out of every 10,000 babies. This condition caused his family a great deal of hardship, to the point where his mother left her ill son andRead MoreRisks for Heart Disease1143 Words   |  5 Pagesnot following in the steps of earlier generations. My family risk factor, heart disease, will be discussed through the risk factor, how life style might play a role in the risk factor , what can be done to help lower the chances that family members develop the potential health problems, and what life styles within the family might lead to the potential health problem. The biggest family risk factor that my family has to be concerned with is heart disease, especially cardiovascular disease. The MayoRead MoreMy Thoughts On My Life1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthat required my help, next on the list was Phyllis. My stomach instantly lurched at the memory of my last visitation. My hands gripped tighter onto the steering wheel, my nails digging into the soft leather leaving an impression that would last. As I pressed my foot down on the accelerator my mind whirred as I struggled to wrestle with the emotions that where brimming within me and threatening to overflow. Pictures of the scene flew before my eyes, distracting me and occupying my every thoughtRead MoreAutobiography Of My Family980 Words   |  4 PagesI was born and raised into a hardworking family that are the complete opposite of culture alienators. My siblings and I are all first generation in America on my moms side and second generation on my dads side. Life was very hard for my parents t o raise all seven of us and depended on my grandparents for most of their help. Being that my grandparents brought all nine of their kids to America from Belize it was also very hard for them so survive and find stability. Most families that come to AmericaRead MoreMy Personal Statement On My Life1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe other day, I awoke to the sound of my 3 year old singing, â€Å"I’m so happy, so very happy, I’ve got the love of Jesus in my heart†¦.Where? Down in my heart. Where? Down in my heart to stay!† Although it was at 6am, and on a weekend, it brought a smile to my face. My sweet little preschooler woke up cheerful and singing about Jesus. Some of the many benefits of sending of him to North Texas Christian Academy include: coming home joyful, singing about God, and his cup overflowing with love. WhileRead MoreA Note On The Blue Lines997 Words   |  4 Pagesmother I wanted everything to be perfect. Always in back of my mind was to ha ve a healthy and safe pregnancy and baby. But with my history I was considered high risk. It was my 23rd birthday, my first ultrasound. It was finally time to see my baby and to find out what I was having. My heart was pounding and my nerves unsettling. Finally the nurse comes in the room. She puts the camera on the right side of my stomach, and I see my baby. She moves the camera to the left side, I see the baby

Dsdsa free essay sample

Letter of Recommendation It is with great pleasure that I write this letter of recommendation for Mr.. Rah Kumar as he has an indisputable potential and motivation for graduate studies. I have known Mr. . Rah Kumar since 2008. During his coursework in department of electronic and telecommunication engineering and Management I had the opportunity to closely interact with him in the semesters that I have taught him. This has convinced me that he is very genuine in pursuit of his academic excellence. His Final year Project on Room light Controller and Wireless Camera SecuritySystem was a talk among the staff members. While discussing the concepts of his project work he has been very impressive. He has shown excellent capability to understand technical papers, implement those ideas and work indefatigably on the modules undertaken thus far. Academically he is an intelligent and hardworking student, which is clearly reflected in the excellent marks that he has consistently achieved. We will write a custom essay sample on Dsdsa or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was my student for the courses in His performance in these courses has been superior,impressing me with his commitment to learn and think innovative.Rah has always been an all-rounder be it Academically or Co-Curricular activities and has always excelled in them. Rah is a student of high moral and ethical standards. I am sure he will put forth all his effort into any task that he confronts. By providing him a postgraduate program in your college you will not only give him an opportunity for career growth but also help his achievements to culminate. Recommend him for postgraduate studies and deserving financial assistance. Feel that his academic proficiency and potential for research make him one Of the truly outstanding candidates have come across. Yours truly,

Paradise Lost By Milton Essays (709 words) - Bereshit, Adam And Eve

Paradise Lost By Milton In John Milton's epic poem Paradise Lost , the issue of who is to blame for the fall of man is one that for the most part can be interpreted from a close reading of book IX. Based on the text, Eve played a larger role in the decision to eat the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, and Adam's role was more passive in that he simply followed the wishes of Eve. When everything is sorted out later in the story, it becomes clear that Adam and Eve were equally at fault for their actions. After an extended visit from the angel Raphael at which time he explained in great detail to Adam the dangers of falling into temptation and disobeying God's will, Adam is faced with a problem. The problem is that Eve wants to split up for the day and Adam knows that this is a bad idea, particularly after the dream that she has described to him. They argue at great length, but in the end Adam allows Eve to do as she wishes even though he knows she is making a very bad decision. Adam also knows that his ability to reason is inherently stronger than Eve's, yet in his love for her is so strong that consents to her will. This yielding is very similar to Eve?s yielding to the serpent?s deception because Adam is aware of the probable outcome of this decision. In his final plea for her to remain pious he says to Eve: O woman, best are all things as well Of God ordained them; his creating hand Nothing imperfect of deficient left Of all he had created, much less man, Or aught that might his happy state secure, Secure with outward force. Within himself The danger lies, yet lies within his power; Against his will he can receive no harm. But God left free the will, for what obeys Reason is free, and reason he made right, But bid her well, and still erect, Lest by some by fair appearing good surprised, She dictate false and misinform the will To what God expressly hath forbid. Not then mistrust, but tender love, enjoins That I should mind thee oft, and mind thou me. Firm we subsist, yet possible to swerve, Since reason not impossibly may meet some specious object by the foe suborned, And fall into deception unaware, Not keeping strictest watch, as she was warned. Seek not Temptation, then which not to avoid Were better, and most likely if from me Thou sever not: trial will come unsought. Wouldest thou approve thou constancy, approve First thy obedience, th'other who can know, Not seeing thee attempted, who attest? But if thou think trial unsought may find Us both securer than thus warned thou seem?st, Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more. Go in thy native innocence; rely On what thou hast of virtue, summon all; For God towards thee hath done his part: do thine.(9,343-379) In this long speach Adam is pleading with Eve to see that is is a terrible idea for her to venture out into the garden alone in the mist of such impending danger. It is as though he is giving her a speach before he sends her out to battle. Battle is precisely what she walks into, and Adam is clearly aware that this is going to happen. It is his decision to yield to Eve that makes him as much to blame for the fall as Eve is for trusting the serpent and falling into temptation. After Eve has been corrupted she is faced with a decision of what to do about Adam. She decides to convince him to eat the apple as well so that they will share what ever punishment that they will have coming to them. Adam knows that eating the apple is very wrong, but he does so anyway because his love for Eve is so strong will not let her suffer punishment alone. This being his decision, he eats the apple and thus disobeys the word of God and contradicts every thing he has been telling Eve that they must believe in. After the deed is done, they fall into a terrible argument of who is to blame, but the reality is that the two of the are equally at fault for the fall of man, because either could have prevented it if they had obeyed the will of God.

That vs. Which

That vs. Which That vs. Which That vs. Which By Ali Hale One of our readers, Justin, recently wrote to ask: When proofreading a peers article on the solar system, I realized that she, and I, are unsure of the proper use of that and which in a sentence. Below is [SIC] two examples of the same sentence, one using that and the other which. To our knowledge, it is the only body in the solar system which currently sustains life, although several other bodies are under investigation. To our knowledge, it is the only body in the solar system that currently sustains life, although several other bodies are under investigation. Which is the correct sentence, and what is the general rule of thumb? Justin, Ill give you the answer now, rather than making you read to the end of the whole article: the second version of that sentence, using that is correct. When To Use That and When To Use Which Before I come on to the that/which rule, just a reminder that â€Å"who† should always be used when referring to people. The boy who threw the ball. This is the woman who always wears a black shawl. When referring to objects, though, the rule for using â€Å"that† and â€Å"which† correctly is simple: THAT should be used to introduce a restrictive clause. WHICH should be used to introduce a non-restrictive or parenthetical clause. If that leaves you more confused than when you began this article, read on A restrictive clause is one which is essential to the meaning of a sentence – if it’s removed, the meaning of the sentence will change. For example: Chairs that don’t have cushions are uncomfortable to sit on. Card games that involve betting money should not be played in school. To our knowledge, it is the only body in the solar system that currently sustains life A non-restrictive clause can be left out without changing the meaning of a sentence. Non-restrictive clauses are either in brackets or have a comma before and after them (or only before them if they come at the end of a sentence): Chairs, which are found in many places of work, are often uncomfortable to sit on. I sat on an uncomfortable chair, which was in my office. Why You Need to Use That or Which Correctly Changing that to which or vice versa can completely change the meaning of a sentence. Consider the following examples: My car that is blue goes very fast. My car, which is blue, goes very fast. The first sentence uses that – suggesting I own more than one car (and even implying my other cars might not be so fast). This is what happens if we leave out the clause and write: My car that is blue goes very fast. My car goes very fast. The sentence’s meaning has changed: the reader does not know which one of my cars goes very fast. However, the sentence using which simply informs the reader that my car is blue. We can take the clause out without losing any essential information: My car, which is blue, goes very fast. My car goes very fast. That and Which in Common Usage It is common today for which to be used with both non-restrictive and restrictive clauses, especially in informal contexts: Who ate the cake that I bought this morning? Who ate the cake which I bought this morning? The clause â€Å"that I bought this morning† is essential to the meaning – I’m not asking about a cake which I bought yesterday, or this afternoon. Therefore, the first example using â€Å"that† is the correct one, but many people would not consider the second ungrammatical. It is, however, incorrect even in informal contexts to use that for a non-restrictive or parenthical clause. For example, these sentences would be considered incorrect: This computer, that I have never liked, is very slow. The blue desk, that my father gave me. An easy way to watch out for these is to look for instances where you have a comma followed by the word that. If Id know this years ago, it would have saved me a lot of frustration with Microsoft Word! Even though the usage of which has been relaxed to some extent, it is still better to keep your writing as clear as possible by using which for only non-restrictive clauses, and that for restrictive ones. So, to return to Justins example: To our knowledge, it is the only body in the solar system which currently sustains life, although several other bodies are under investigation. To our knowledge, it is the only body in the solar system that currently sustains life, although several other bodies are under investigation. The second sentence, using that is correct, but many people would consider the first sentence permissible too. In a formal context such as a scientific paper, it is better to use that for total clarity. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyDo you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?Neither... or?

Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations

What preparation needs to be done before the interview? For starters, pre-interview preparations should actually begin with determining the type of job opening available within the company. In this scenario, the job opening is one of sales personnel. Hence, in this example, the Human Resource Manager of ABC Pharmaceutical would have conferred with the head of the department in which the position is open, i.e. the Sales Manager. Together, they would have firstly, discussed the job qualifications and the criteria for the â€Å"ideal† candidate, and secondly, made sure the job description accurately reflected the current job opening. Once that is accomplished, the next few steps are crucial in determining the success and effectiveness of the ABC Pharmaceutical interview. This is also, where the main bulk of time is spent preparing and planning. There are several tasks the three interviewers can do beforehand to improve their chances of success. The first is to follow a systematic approach starting with defining the objectives of the interview. With that in mind, the very first questions they should ask themselves before conducting the interview are â€Å"Why am I conducting this interview?† and â€Å"What do I want to achieve from it?† A good second task is to, by reading all relevant applications and have available all necessary documentation including the job description and the personnel specifications. This means, to consult the five application forms, CVs, references, letter of applications, job specifications, and test results. By reviewing the five candidates’ application forms and/or resumes, the three interviewers of ABC can create, in their minds, a more complete picture of the applicants in terms of what is represented on the resumes and applications, and what the job requires. From example, by doing research before the interview, the interviewers will then know enough about their candidates to ask intelligent... Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations Free Essays on Pre-Interview Preparations What preparation needs to be done before the interview? For starters, pre-interview preparations should actually begin with determining the type of job opening available within the company. In this scenario, the job opening is one of sales personnel. Hence, in this example, the Human Resource Manager of ABC Pharmaceutical would have conferred with the head of the department in which the position is open, i.e. the Sales Manager. Together, they would have firstly, discussed the job qualifications and the criteria for the â€Å"ideal† candidate, and secondly, made sure the job description accurately reflected the current job opening. Once that is accomplished, the next few steps are crucial in determining the success and effectiveness of the ABC Pharmaceutical interview. This is also, where the main bulk of time is spent preparing and planning. There are several tasks the three interviewers can do beforehand to improve their chances of success. The first is to follow a systematic approach starting with defining the objectives of the interview. With that in mind, the very first questions they should ask themselves before conducting the interview are â€Å"Why am I conducting this interview?† and â€Å"What do I want to achieve from it?† A good second task is to, by reading all relevant applications and have available all necessary documentation including the job description and the personnel specifications. This means, to consult the five application forms, CVs, references, letter of applications, job specifications, and test results. By reviewing the five candidates’ application forms and/or resumes, the three interviewers of ABC can create, in their minds, a more complete picture of the applicants in terms of what is represented on the resumes and applications, and what the job requires. From example, by doing research before the interview, the interviewers will then know enough about their candidates to ask intelligent...

CLOUD COMPUTING Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CLOUD COMPUTING - Research Paper Example SQL injection or cross site scripting vulnerabilities have a high probability, as Google docs are one of the victims of them (Singh & Sharma, 2011). Moreover, threat of phishing is also always available, as automated emails and messages on cloud based applications can steal passwords, personal credentials and other personal information. Organization’s authentication and authorization policy do not addresses cloud security issues. In spite of having several security controls integrated within the cloud based applications, only a password is required to breach into the cloud based application. One of the recent security breaches of exploiting secure passwords that is called as Twitter gate (Singh & Sharma, 2011). Moreover, virtual machines on a single physical machine are shared with multiple instances. Every instance is connected to the Internet or virtual tunnels. This concludes, if a single machine is compromised, all the instances available in that machine are also compromis ed. In addition, risk of data corruption or storage that may not limited to memory storage, random access memory storage is also in the scope of cloud computing vulnerabilities (Singh & Sharma, 2011). 2 Cloud Computing Storage Issues The storage of cloud computing requires a lot of space, in fact humongous data centers where data is collected and managed. These data centers pose several threats and security risk that may impact these data storage machines. The threat may be from a professional hacker and also in the form of the cloud provider itself, if data is not adequately dealt with. A minor security incident or misconfiguration can lead to a system failure or unavailability. (OGIGAU-NEAMTIU, 2012) Moreover, another security breach occurred in 2009, password of an employee working on Twitter was hacked that resulted in breaching the email security questions page that was located in the Google apps account (Talbot 2010). In relation to that, one more incident occurred when data w as erased from one million T-mobile smart phones due to a server failure that was managing the data of these smart phones (Talbot 2010).As Peter Mell, who is a team lead of cloud security team at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) says, public cloud computing models are more vulnerable to threats, as every customer has access to a broad range of services and levels. Therefore, if any one of the services is breached, they gain access to all the data. As cloud-computing usage is increasing with its connection to the public through an Internet, new opportunities also originate for hackers, cyber terrorists, viruses and worms. These threats will increase and focus on cloud computing enables services and applications for stealing classified data, denial of service attacks on data centers etc. ‘Google apps’ is the major player in the market for providing ‘SaaS’, it was attacked and hacked. The report from cyber forensics indicated that the attacks were originated from China (Bisong & Rahman, 2011). The security and privacy in cloud computing are associated with data storage and data protection. Moreover, monitoring the utilization of resources available on the cloud by the service providers is also included. In order to secure the data in the cloud, it can be stored internally in the organization’s premises. (Talbot, 2012) Moreover, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in the US and Data Protection directives along with the EU are only two compliances from many other compliance concerns

Knowledge Management in Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Knowledge Management in Healthcare - Essay Example This paper would expound on the need for and how Knowledge Management is adopted in healthcare, what problems does it address, what are the considerations to maximize its total benefits, what factors may hinder it from being an effective tool in effecting development in the field of healthcare and what are the importance of transferring the explicit knowledge.. "Healthcare organizations are facing many challenges in the 21st Century due to changes taking place in global healthcare systems. Spiraling costs, financial constraints, increased emphasis on accountability and transparency, changes in education, growing complexities of biomedical research, new partnerships in healthcare and great advances in IT suggest that a predominant paradigm shift is occurring. This shift is necessitating a focus on interaction, collaboration and increased sharing of information and knowledge which is in turn leading healthcare organizations to embrace the techniques of Knowledge Management in order to create and sustain optimal healthcare." (Sharma et al., 2005) Indeed healthcare plays by the rules of the economy and the society too, it lends itself vulnerable to the limitations of the body administering it. As acquiring information does not come without a cost, readily available yet reliable information are sought for, thus the role of Knowledge Management to regulate and pass on information. (Tandon, Angrish, Anand, 2006) Knowledge Management, though having relative definitions sums up the process of creating, controlling, channeling and transferring knowledge assets to address competitive advantage and optimal performance. (Morgan, Doyle, Albers, 2005) In healthcare, most especially in nursing care, knowledge continuity is posed as an organizational challenge. In the US, there is a high turnover rate among hospital staff-already amounting to 20% (Morgan et al., 2005). This dynamics breaks the links of transferring knowledge from old to new employees leading to poor acquisition or transfer of valuable knowledge assets. In basic terms, knowledge is shared through a "traditional scholastic medical education" through "textbook based" learning, and acquiring lessons through experience and mentorship. Although this, in the beginning, could let the workers harness best business practices, it could also mean lack of diversification in knowledge unless branching out to different hospital units is initiated. "There are a number of organizational benefits to KCM [Knowledge Continuity Management] such as decreasing job turnover costs, increasing organizational effectiveness, improving training for new employees, facilitation of organizational learning, speeding the maximal productivity of new employees, and improving the decision making and decreasing the process errors of new employees." (Morgan et al., 2

Basket Exercise Essay Example for Free

Basket Exercise Essay Georgina Ryan, HR Director SUBJECT: Speaking engagement next week Ms. Williams, Mr. Armstrong has been transferred to a new location, earlier than expected. My apologies, however, if you would allow me to fill in for Mr. Armstrong, I would be honored to address the Business Club It is common for a large number of calls to come in all at once. When this happens, the customer relations–contact employee is supposed to take the customer’s phone number and get back to him or her within an hour. We’ve found in the past that this is a reasonable target since, after a big rush of calls, things usually settle down for a while. But when we check up on the contact employees, we find that they get back to the customer within an hour only about one-third of the time. Sometimes they don’t get back to the customer until the next day! I sent a memo to all contact employees about a month ago reminding them of the importance of prompt responses on their parts, but it did very little good. We need a training program from your department to improve this critical performance area. Can we get together early next week? MEMO TO: Ralph Herzberg, Manager of Customer Relations From: Georgina Ryan, HR Director. New Training Program Ralph, we will definitely have to address this situation. Let me get with my training program administrator and work out a training session/schedule for your department. I will get back with you on a date and time for next week.

Education - What is it Really Worth? Essay -- Educate Education Essays

Education - What is it Really Worth? Carl Jung believed that, One looks back with appreciation to the brilliant teachers, but with gratitude to those who touched our human feelings. The curriculum is so much necessary raw material, but warmth is a vital element for the growing plant and for the soul of the child (Fitzhenry 135). Education is important to succeed in life, but it needs to come along with compassion and learning on a personal level rather than in an autocratic atmosphere. Everyone has different views of education, but what they all have in common is how necessary it is when one wants to become a self-actualized individual. Education also plays an important role in getting a job in todays world and leading a self fulfilled life. Authors such as Bell hooks, Mike Rose, Jon Spayde, and Adrienne Rich all see education through the eyes of the excluded and emphasize the importance of education and what its really worth. I believe that education helps us achieve what we want to do but its actually up to each and every one of us to carry through. Every one of us could be educated but it doesnt necessarily mean that we learned anything to help us in the real world. We also need to self educate ourselves and not always rely on the classroom. We could do this by reading newspapers, magazines or even watching the news to expand ones awareness of the worlds issues. We need to be able to think for ourselves and make our own decisions rather than relying on what we have been taught in school. I am not saying that we should disregard what we have been taught, we just need to be able to relate to what we have been taugh t and make our own decisions. Education is especially valued in North America, it is very hard to truly succe... ...homework and sitting in class, it also about learning to work with others and making choices about the future. Works cited Fitzhenry, Robert I., ed. The Harper Book of Quotations, Third Edition. NY: HarperPerennial, 1993, 135. Hooks, Bell. Keeping Close to Home: Class and Education. The Presence of Others. eds. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz, NY: Bedford/ St.Martins, 2000, 93-103. Rich, Adrienne. What Does a Woman Need to Know? The Presence of Others. eds. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz, NY: Bedford/ St.Martins, 2000, 65-71. Rose, Mike. Life on the Boundary. The Presence of Others. eds. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz, NY: Bedford/ St.Martins, 2000, 105-118. Spayde, Jon. Learning in the Key of Life. The Presence of Others. eds. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz, NY: Bedford/ St.Martins, 2000, 58-63.

Applying Leadership Theories Essay

According to Wikipedia, leadership has been described as â€Å"a process of social influence or persuasion by which one person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task†. Studies of leadership have produced theories involving traits, situational interaction, function, behavior, power, vision, values, charisma, and intelligence, among others. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership). There are various leadership theories that have been created that encompass how a leader relates to others within and outside of the educational organization. There a six that were specifically proposed by Martin, Wright, and Danzig (2003) that are appropriate when describing educational leaders. They are Directive, Participative, Collaborative, Coaching, Affiliative, and Laissez-Faire. A leader can possess all of these styles depending on the current situation. For example, a leader can use a Directive Approach when dealing with low assessment scores especially when being pressured from his or her superiors, when deadlines are not being met, or when a teacher or staff has neglected their duties. But also display a Participative or Collaborative style by taking input from others. The leadership style that is displayed can have a negative and positive influence on the school community and the organization. It is very important to understand the styles indivially and in detail to know which ones are more and less effective in your environment. The school where I currently work just received a new principal, but prior to her there was Principal R, who had inherited her position as the leader because her entire career was built at the school. She started off her teaching career there, three years later was advanced to Reading Coach, and then was assigned as Vice Principal. The Superintendent, formal principal, and others felt that she was the best fit for the job because of her years spent there and her experience as Vice Principal. Prior to her receiving the role of prinicpal, we were excelling in reading, writing, and mathematics. The principal prior to Principal R had moved us from a failing grade of an â€Å"F† to an excelling grade of an â€Å"A†. Principal R indeed knew the ends and outs of the school because she was trained and mentored by our previous principal, Principal P. Not knowing that once the school was completely turned over to Principal R, we will be on a descending trip to failure. Principal R took a Directive approach, very similar to the Autocratic Leadership Style. By her having experience, she insisted on doing it all herself even though she had an administration team which consisted of a vice principal, reading and math coach, and an ESE liaison. She felt that the ultimate decision in any situation should be hers regardless of whom or what it affected. Research states, that Autocratic Leaders often maintain authority by force, intimidations, threats, rewards, punishment, or position (http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1122.aspx). If you challenged Principal R in any way, regardless of how simple or how large the issue may have been your evaluation would be affected. Principal R used this role for her own personal gains. Principal R had built many personal relationships prior to her taking on the leadership role, those relationships were soon affected when she became principal. Favoritism became a common word around the school. Things that we thought we would never get away with, was done often by the people in Principal R’s circle. This leadership style brought a negative image to the school. The morale went down and teacher’s lost their drive for teaching. Our school grade went from an â€Å"A† to a â€Å"C†, then to a â€Å"B† to an â€Å"F†. Principal R was transferred to another school where we hope her style would change for the benefit of the vision of the school. While under the leader of Principal R, we also had Vice Principal E, who was a very sweet person with more than 16 years of experience in the education field. Our school was labeled for having struggling readers which put more accountability upon the teachers. Regardless of what issues the st udents had years prior or even home structure that affected their abilities to read, we were held accountable for them if they were below average or even failing. Vice Principal E shared many strategies with us that were very beneficial to our students. Her education specialty was ESE and autism; we were able to use those same strategies to assist our students. Vice Principal E displayed a Coaching Leadership style also very similar to an Instructional Leadership style. Her main concern was teaching and learning and assist us in relaying information in a way that the students comprehended. Instructional leadership focuses on modeling, monitoring, professional dialogue and discussion (Bush, 2002). She mentored us on what routes we should use to assist our students. She increased our confidence and also our test scores. When the results came in and we seen how much gains our grade level had shown, Vice Principal E took no credit, even though it was all because of her. She remained in the mentor role and assisted us in anything we may have needed. Vice Principal E was surplused to another school due to budget issues and was missed dearly when she departed. We are currently under the leadership of Principal K, which is the true reason why I am pursing my master’s degree. Principal K is a new principal, but has 12 years experience as a vice principal in secondary education. Principal K is a true leader that models and motivates others to accomplish goals, while at the same time encouraging others to work toward their own professional goals. Principal K, came ready to work but with little knowledge of what direction to start. Principal K created groups of those teachers and staff, whom prior had experience at the school to assist her with understanding the vision and desegregating the data. Once Principal K understood the vision and the direction of where the school should be headed, she quickly took the Collaborative approach, also known as the Democratic Leadership style. She involved the faculty, staff, and stakeholders in the decision making process. Even though the final decision would be ultimately made by Principal K, she allowed everyone to be a part of the process. She allowed them to have the sense of belonging of being a part of the team. She encourages participation, values our opinions, group discussions, and motivates us to become leaders as well. Principal K’s leadership style provides direction and guidance. She states often that even though her title is principal her job description is to work for us and whatever we need to give the students a quality education, she will make sure it is provided. Overall, leadership styles is the manner and approach of providing direction, creating visions, implementing and acting on plans, and motivating people to excel beyond their comfort zone. Leaders styles will vary based on situations. A leader does not strictly lean toward one style, however one may seem to be dominate over another, but it all depends on the situation at hand. My goal is to use the styles that are most effective and meant to strengthen the performance of the teacher, staff and students and also the styles that will bring improvement on student achievement. References . http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1122.aspx http://www.leadership-with-you.com/directive-leadership.html Bush, Tony 2003. Theories of Educational Management, 3rd edn. London: Sage.

Memory

Three participants ages 19, 19, and 20 were asked to listen to three lists of words whose contents ranged from low to high association. The low-association list was defined by words that had no particular relation to each other. Conversely, the high-association list was characterized by words that had very close relationships with each other, whereas the in-between list of medium association contained words among which loose relationships existed. Each list contained ten words. The three lists were read to each participant in a slow and systematic way, leaving an interval of approximately one second between the calling of each word. Each participant was then given a minute to write down as many words as they could recall. The average number of words remembered from the low-association list was three (3), which represents a low level of recall for short term memory. This is consistent with the idea that the brain employs a short-term memory system that is able to hold limited information, and this can be done for only a short time without the aid of semantic prompters (Brown et al., 1985). The group of words on the low-association list contained almost no semantic prompters, as these words belonged to no specific category that could have been called up in the schema of the persons involved in the experiment.    As a result, the first few words called in each list allowed the participants no leeway to use schema as a mnemonic device for recalling them. Relying therefore only on short-term memory, the participants were able only to remember a small portion of the words. It is also important to note that those which were remembered were the ones located near the end of the list. This indicates that the effort to remember those later words nullified any earlier efforts made at memorization, and consequently removed the earlier words from the participants’ short-term memory. The second list of words containing a limited number of related words (medium association) showed a recall level for the participants of approximately six (6) words. The final two words on the list were recalled by two of the participants, and the other recalled the last word. However, the few words on the list that were related were universally recalled by the participants. The experiment apparently enabled them to make connections among the related words and to further connect them to a category in their schemata. This occurrence points to the tendency of the mind to categorize the information it receives, and the long-term memory of these participants appears to have been activated by associating the related words to their appropriate category. This categorization is most likely the factor that aided the short term memory of the participants, allowing them to recall a greater percentage of the words (almost twice as many) than they were able to recall from the first list. The third list contained words that were all highly related to each other. The experiment demonstrated even more the extent to which semantic categorization has the ability to aid short-term memory. The participants remembered an average of approximately nine (9) words on the list. This represents a vast increase over the previous two tries. This part of the experiment indicates the participants appeal to their long term memory as an aid in memorizing the contents of this list. For instance, despite the fact that the words on the low-association list were familiar words, their ability to remember them was compromised by the fact that they had no method of selecting them from all the other things that reside in their memories. Conversely, the fact that the words from the third experiment were all members of a particular category allowed these participants to use the taxonomic feature of long-term memory to aid recall in this memory experiment (Brown et al., 1985). The parallel trend of increased remembrance alongside increased association therefore underlines the importance of schema in the enhancement of memory. Reference Brown, A. S., S. L. Whiteman, R. J. Cattoi & C. K. Bradley. (1985). â€Å"Associative strength level   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and retrieval inhibition in semantic memory.† The American Journal of Psychology.    98(3):   421-432.   

Geography of Kiribati

Geography of Kiribati Population: 100,743 (July 2011 estimate)Capital: TarawaArea: 313 square miles (811 sq km)Coastline: 710 miles (1,143 km)Highest Point: An unnamed point on the island of Banaba at 265 feet (81 m)Kiribati is an island nation located Oceania in the Pacific Ocean. It is made up of 32 island atolls and one small coral island that are spread out over millions of miles or kilometers. The country itself however has only 313 square miles (811 sq km) of area. Kiribati is also along the International Date Line on its easternmost islands and it straddles the Earths equator. Because it is on the International Date Line, the country had the line shifted in 1995 so that all of its islands could experience the same day at the same time. History of Kiribati The first people to settle Kiribati were the I-Kiribati when they settled what are the present-day Gilbert Islands around 1000-1300 B.C.E. In addition Fijians and Tongans later invaded the islands. Europeans did not reach the islands until the 16th century. By the 1800s, European whalers, traders and slave merchants began visiting the islands and causing social problems. As a result in 1892 the Gilbert and Ellice Islands agreed to become British protectorates. In 1900 Banaba was annexed after natural resources were found and in 1916 they all became a British colony (U.S. Department of State). The Line and Phoenix Islands were also later added to the colony. During World War II, Japan seized some of the islands and in 1943 the Pacific portion of the war reached Kiribati when United States forces launched attacks on the Japanese forces on the islands. In the 1960s, Britain began giving Kiribati more freedom of self-government and in 1975 the Ellice Islands broke away from the British colony and declared their independence in 1978 (U.S. Department of State). In 1977 the Gilbert Islands were given more self-governing powers and on July 12, 1979 they became independent with the name Kiribati. Government of Kiribati Today Kiribati is considered a republic and it is officially called the Republic of Kiribati. The countrys capital is Tarawa and its executive branch of government is made up of a chief of state and a head of government. Both of these positions are filled by Kiribatis president. Kiribati also has a unicameral House of Parliament for its legislative branch and Court of Appeal, High Court and 26 Magistrates courts for its judicial branch. Kiribati is divided into three different units, the Gilbert Islands, the Line Islands and the Phoenix Islands, for local administration. There are also six different island districts and 21 island councils for Kiribatis islands. Economics and Land Use in Kiribati Because Kiribati is in a remote location and its area is spread over 33 small islands it is one of the least developed Pacific island nations (CIA World Factbook). It also has few natural resources so its economy is mainly dependent on fishing and small handicrafts. Agriculture is practiced throughout the country and the main products of that industry are copra, taro, breadfruit, sweet potatoes and assorted vegetables. Geography and Climate of Kiribati The islands making up Kiribati are located along the equator and International Date Line about halfway between Hawaii and Australia. The closest nearby islands are Nauru, the Marshall Islands and Tuvalu. It is made up of 32 very low lying coral atolls and one small island. Because of this, Kiribatis topography is relatively flat and its highest point is an unnamed point on the island of Banaba at 265 feet (81 m). The islands are also surrounded by large coral reefs. The climate of Kiribati is tropical and as such it is mainly hot and humid but its temperatures can be somewhat moderated by the trade winds (CIA World Factbook). To learn more about Kiribati, visit the Geography and Maps page on Kiribati on this website. SourceCentral Intelligence Agency. (8 July 2011). CIA - The World Factbook - Kiribati. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kr.htmlInfoplease.com. (n.d.). Kiribati: History, Geography, Government, and Culture- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107682.htmlUnited States Department of State. (3 February 2011). Kiribati. Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1836.htmWikipedia.org. (20 July 2011). Kiribati - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiribati

Biography of Ashoka the Great, Indias Mauryan Emperor

Biography of Ashoka the Great, India's Mauryan Emperor Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BCE) was the emperor of Indias Maurya Dynasty from 268 to 232 BCE and is remembered for his remarkable conversion to nonviolence and his merciful reign. In 265 BCE after witnessing the devastation of his own attack on the Kalinga region, he converted from being a brutal conqueror of a vast empire to a benevolent emperor who successfully ruled according to nonviolent principles. His edicts encouraged the protection of animals, mercy for criminals, and tolerance of other religions. Fast Facts: Ashoka the Great Known For: Ashoka was the ruler of Indias Mauryan Empire; after an epiphany, he became a promoter of Buddhist non-violence.Born: 304 BCE in Pataliputra, Mauryan EmpireParents: Bindusara and DharmaDied: 232 BCE in Pataliputra, Mauryan EmpireSpouse(s): Devi, Kaurwaki confirmed; many others allegedChildren: Mahinda, Kunala, Tivala, JalaukaNotable Quote: Dharma is good. And what is Dharma? It is having few faults and many goods deeds, mercy, charity, truthfulness, and purity. Early Life In 304 BCE, the second emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, Bindusara, welcomed a son named Ashoka Bindusara Maurya into the world. The boys mother Dharma was only a commoner. She had several older children- half-brothers of Ashoka- so Ashoka seemed unlikely to ever ascend the throne. Ashoka grew up to be a bold, troublesome, and cruel young man who was always extremely fond of hunting. According to legend, he killed a lion using only a wooden stick. His older half-brothers feared Ashoka  and convinced his father to post him as a general to distant frontiers of the Mauryan Empire. Ashoka proved to be a competent general, putting down a rebellion in the Punjabi city of Taxshila. Aware that his brothers viewed him as a rival for the throne, Ashoka went into exile for two years in the neighboring country of Kalinga. While he was there, he fell in love with and later married a commoner, a fisher-woman named Kaurwaki. Introduction to Buddhism Bindusara recalled his son to Maurya to help quell an uprising in Ujjain, the former capital of the Avanti Kingdom. Ashoka succeeded but was injured in the fighting. Buddhist monks tended to the wounded prince in secret so that his eldest brother, the heir-apparent Susima, would not learn of Ashokas injuries. At this time, Ashoka officially converted to Buddhism and began embracing its principles, though they were in direct conflict with his life as a general. He met and fell in love with a woman from Vidisha called Devi who also attended to his injuries during this period. The couple later married. When Bindusara died in 275 BCE, a two-year war for the throne erupted between Ashoka and his half-brothers. The Vedic sources vary on how many of Ashokas brothers died- one says that he killed them all while another states that he killed several of them. In either case, Ashoka prevailed and became the third ruler of the Mauryan Empire. Imperial Rule For the first eight years of his reign, Ashoka waged near-constant war on surrounding regions. He had inherited a sizable empire, but he expanded it to include most of the Indian subcontinent, as well as the area from the current-day borders of Iran and Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh and Burma border in the east. Only the southern tip of India and Sri Lanka  and the kingdom of Kalinga on the northeast coast of India remained out of his reach. In 265 BCE, Ashoka attacked Kalinga. Although it was the homeland of his second wife Kaurwaki and the king of Kalinga had sheltered Ashoka before his ascent to the throne, the Mauryan emperor gathered the largest invasion force in Indian history and launched his assault. Kalinga fought back bravely, but in the end it was defeated and all of its cities were sacked. Ashoka had led the invasion in person, and he went out into the capital city of Kalinga the morning after his victory to survey the damage. The ruined houses and bloodied corpses of nearly 150,000 slain civilians and soldiers sickened the emperor, and he experienced a religious epiphany. Although he had considered himself more or less a Buddhist prior to that day, the carnage at Kalinga led Ashoka to devote himself completely to Buddhism, and he vowed to practice ahimsa, or nonviolence,  from that day forward. Edicts Had Ashoka simply vowed to himself that he would live according to Buddhist principles, later ages would likely not remember his name. However, he published his intentions for the whole empire to read. Ashoka wrote out a series of edicts, explaining his policies and aspirations for the empire and urging others to follow his enlightened example. The Edicts of King Ashoka were carved onto pillars of stone 40 to 50 feet high and set up all around the edges of the Mauryan Empire as well as in the heart of Ashokas realm. Dozens of these pillars can still be found in India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. In his edicts, Ashoka vowed to care for his people like a father and promised neighboring people that they need not fear him- that he would use only persuasion, not violence, to win people over. Ashoka noted that he had made available shade and fruit trees for the people as well as medical care for all people and animals. His concern for living things also appeared in a ban on live sacrifices and sport hunting as well as a request for respect for all other creatures, including servants. Ashoka urged his people to follow a vegetarian diet  and banned the practice of burning forests or agricultural wastes that might harbor wild animals. A long list of animals appeared on his protected species list, including bulls, wild ducks, squirrels, deer, porcupines, and pigeons. Ashoka also ruled with incredible accessibility. He noted that I consider it best to meet with people personally. To that end, he went on frequent tours around his empire. He also advertised that he would stop whatever he was doing if a matter of imperial business needed attention, even if he was having dinner or sleeping. In addition, Ashoka was very concerned with judicial matters. His attitude toward convicted criminals was quite merciful. He banned punishments such as torture, removing peoples eyes, and the death penalty, and he urged pardons for the elderly, those with families to support, and those who were doing charitable work. Finally, although Ashoka urged his people to practice Buddhist values, he fostered an atmosphere of respect for all religions. Within his empire, people followed not only the relatively new Buddhist faith but also Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Greek polytheism, and many other belief systems. Ashoka served as an example of tolerance for his subjects, and his religious affairs officers encouraged the practice of any religion. Death Ashoka the Great ruled as a just and merciful king from his epiphany in 265 until his death at the age of 72 in 232 BCE. His body was given a royal cremation ceremony. Legacy We do not know the names of most of Ashokas wives and children, however, his twin children by his first wife, a boy called Mahindra and a girl named Sanghamitra, were instrumental in converting Sri Lanka to Buddhism. After Ashokas death, the Mauryan Empire continued to exist for 50 years before going into a gradual decline. The last Mauryan emperor was Brhadrata, who was assassinated in 185 BCE by one of his generals, Pusyamitra Sunga. Although his family did not rule for long after he was gone, Ashokas principles and his examples lived on through the Vedas and his edicts, which can still be seen on pillars today. Sources Lahiri, Nayanjot.  Ashoka in Ancient India. Harvard University Press, 2015.Trainor, Kevin.  Buddhism: the Illustrated Guide. Duncan Baird, 2004.

Discussion 7 Art Conservation & Restoration and Art Therapy Essay

Discussion 7 Art Conservation & Restoration and Art Therapy - Essay Example These individuals have skilled training in drawing, sculpting, painting, and other visual media in order to apply it as treatment and analysis (What Is Art Therapy, 2011). These skills are applied toward assisting other individuals using artworks as a form of treatment. Basically the therapist art materials to counsel patients during sessions. The practice of art therapy has only been a significant consideration for about forty years. It can naturally be assumed that the growing practice has several issues. To name a few, art therapist suffer encounter issues in cultural boundaries, ethical standards, and limitations in practice. Misunderstanding between cultures is a typical process this day in age. Since art therapy has been growing in the number of practitioners and it is readily available to anybody who wishes to seek its assistance there ethnic boundaries. Individuals who seek help with an art therapist can easily be miss diagnosed if they therapist is not familiar with how their culture relates to their expression. The lack of words in this case could be harmful to the patients well being. In the case of the therapist, it is important to recognize cultural differences in order to be able to understand where the client is coming from. When dealing with professional positions ethical practices are important. Therapist have to be careful how much in-depth information is given to the client. When using art therapy the interpretation of the therapist could easily be transferred to the work of the patient. Avoiding this might be tricky in the field of art therapy, but it is significant because the patients stability could depend on it. There is also a lack of information that can be processed. When art therapist administer to their patients they are expected to treat them while handling art materials. But, there is only so much a person can offer in the form of art. The

Article Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Article Report - Essay Example There is a balance in the report as problems inherent with standardization were likewise presented as posing possible contrast with motivational theories that encourage innovativeness, creativity and ingenuity; and inability to comply with applications of standardized methods (Reid, 2010, 2). The applicability and usefulness of the information discussed by Reid comes in terms of indicating which particular practices and concepts could be standardized for the organizations’ benefits. Reid’s presentation of issues on metrology, interchangeability, and technological definition (Reid, 2010, 1), among others, provide a glimpse on the areas where standardization could be most beneficial. However, Reid could have cited actual scenarios and experiences of contemporary organizations that have proven standardization to increase their competitive advantage and leadership in their respective fields of endeavor, to make the discourse more meaningful and appropriately supported. Refe rence Reid, D. (2010). â€Å"Benefit Without a Doubt.† Quality Progress, 43, 11; pg. 56.

Theories Concerning Human Development Assignment

Theories Concerning Human Development - Assignment Example Jim today suffers from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder which is mainly caused due to the extreme level of anxiety or exposure to serious psychological trauma. As diagnosed, this could be the possible consequence of his mental and physical reaction to the World Trade Centre massacre in 2001. Contextually, his age might have been an influencing factor as through the normative stage models it is apparently discussed that young adults tend to decipher more active response towards any kind of trauma being steered with their quench for unique identification in their workplace. Young adults are also observed to possess the high degree of moral values which might have influenced Jim’s response to the disaster when he was 25 years old. His PTSD syndrome may affect his capability to deal with stress in his future career which shall further limit his job opportunities. He might also develop anxiety and frustration in his married life which will again disrupt his physical as well as mental health making him stressed and emotionally weaker. These forces shall thus increase emotional vulnerability within Jim making him less confident in his relationship. He might also seek the less stressful job and be reluctant in accepting diversity easily as compared to other people. He might have to face severe constraints when performing in working areas such as schools where stress level and diversity are perceived to be quite high. Regular interaction with young children might be helpful for him to reduce his psychological vulnerability.

Affirmative Action Essay Example for Free

Affirmative Action Essay Affirmative Action has remained one of the most controversial social issues of our time. Aggressive non-discrimination was the original intention, but it soon became clear that merely promising not to discriminate would have little effect on the racial bias in our society. My own opinion was first formed by my father and influenced by the conservative environment in which I lived. Since then, I have experienced a much broader view of American society. I have heard many different opinions on affirmative action from all aspects of our culture and I have changed my mind. The roots of affirmative action can be traced back to the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, where legislation redefined public and private behavior. The act states that to discriminate in private is legal, but anything regarding business or public discrimination is illegal (Affirmative 13). There are two instances when opposing affirmative action might seem the wrong thing to do. First, the nobility of the cause to help others. Second, affirmative action was a great starter for equality in the work place. The case against affirmative action ests heavily on myth and misunderstanding, and following illustrates that an absence of affirmative action in todays society will only reinforce racial injustice. Myth 1: The only way to create a color-blind society is to adopt color-blind policies. Although this statement sounds unthinkingly possible, the reality is that colorblind policies often put racial minorities at a disadvantage. For instance, color-blind seniority system tends to protect white workers against job layoffs, because senior employees are usually white (Ezorsky, 1991). Myth 2: Affirmative action has not succeeded in increasing female and minority representation. Several studies have documented important gains in racial and gender equality as a direct result of affirmative action (Bowen Bok, 1998; Murrell Jones, 1996). For example, affirmative action has helped five million minorities and six million whites and minority women to be promoted in the workplace. The effect of the affirmative action program previously documented show important gains in racial and gender equality according to, Roger Clegg of the Academic Search Premier. America is known as the land of opportunity. However, it became evident that opportunity was only available to white men. Later, laws were passed to ensure equal opportunity regardless of race, sex, and religion. These affirmative action laws were set in place by our government with the intent of correcting the social evil known as prejudice; but in doing so, they created a monster. Affirmative action has become an ineffective, outdated, and socially harmful policy that is weakening our great nation. Should Affirmative Action be mended or ended? Affirmative action is an attempt to correct unequal distribution of benefits (status, income and wealth, power and authority,) and burdens associated with ethnic and gender differences. When we become citizens of this nation, at birth or otherwise, we get a warranty. That warranty is supposed to be honored by every government franchise in every village and hamlet of this nation. It is non transferable, and it is good for the life of the vehicle. We are guaranteed the right to vote, the right to due process; the right to be free, not to be enslaved, as long as we conduct ourselves in accordance with the laws of our nation; and the right to equal treatment under the law, regardless of our race, color, sex, religion national origin. These are rights which attach to us as individuals, not as members of a group. Affirmative action has its roots in that passion for fairness. When President Lyndon Johnson explained affirmative action to the nation, it is significant that he said, You cant bring a man to the starting line who has been hobbled by chains and expect him to run the race competitively. Fairness dictated that the nation pursue affirmative action to compensate black Americans for the wrong that had been done. Affirmative action was a technique for jump-starting the process of integrating black Americans into the fabric of American society, for changing the culture of America from an exclusive society into an inclusive one. I will never abandon my faith that America can become Ronald Reagans shining city on the hill, a society in which a persons gender or race or ethnic background are irrelevant in the transactions of their government. Let us not mourn the death of affirmative action. Instead, let us proclaim our belief that the spirit of equal opportunity, which affirmative action engendered, has become a permanent fixture of Americas social, economic, and political landscape. Let us have faith in our own sense of fair play and keep affirmative action alive. Efficiency is important to the success of any machine, including economic machines. Affirmative action increases diversity, but it does so at a cost. The cost is that it promotes racism indirectly by focusing on differences. I have a better idea. The main goal behind affirmative action is to promote unity and efficiency. So the question is what is the best way to do that? One way, is to simply provide unity incentives. Instead of punishing qualified white males, we should instead provide incentives to white males to promote diversity and unity. The best way to do this is to use the tax system. Greater unity should mean lower taxes, meaning tax incentives to anyone who promotes unity. The more women you hire, the lower your taxes. The more minorities you hire, the lower your taxes. If your business is diverse according to guidelines, you should actually be able to earn money for promoting diversity and unity. Affirmative action is wrong; you should not punish qualified employees. You should instead reward shareholders, CEOs, and the corporation itself for doing what is rational, and in the best interest of the bottom line. So one replacement for affirmative action could be unity tax deductions. Another replacement for affirmative action could be unity credits, where individuals who choose to run their business or give to charities which promote unity, can actually receive credits for doing so and abolish affirmative action. That great American pastime—baseball—is a reminder of the intensity of our passion for fairness as we encourage the crowd to kill the umpire if he makes what we consider an unfair call. As we drive home at the end of the day, our hands gripping the steering wheel, our bumper kissing the one ahead, when to our right a vehicle speeds along the curb and merges ahead of us at the moment when an opening appears, our passion for fairness surfaces. The protrusion of one of our fingers signals our belief that one of the rules of fairness has been violated. In every sport I can think of—baseball, basketball, football, tennis—one is expected to play between the white lines. To do otherwise is unfair and carries a penalty. The problem with affirmative action is that it singles out a particular ethnic subsection of the lower class, while leaving many deserving people behind solely because of their heritage. Instead, this society should focus on raising the bar for all members of the lower and middle class who wish to educate themselves and better their economic, intellectual and cultural positions in life. We should do this by providing more lower class young adults of all colors and creeds with inexpensive higher education. I strongly believe that only when affirmative action is unnecessary and outmoded should we abolish it. We should not destroy our current solution without creating a newer, better one. In conclusion, affirmative action policies, as they exist right now, are ineffective, outdated, hypocritical, and harmful. On the other hand, affirmative action is the best thing since peanut butter, where all people of all race can enjoy a good sandwich. Though all of these may be argued well by both sides, this last point is indisputable. Affirmative Action, no matter how it is explained, rationalized, justified, or disguised, will still be the center of social issues in our time and the time to come.

Ural Mountains :: Informative Essays

The Ural Mountains are a rugged spine across Russia, running 1,300 miles from the fringe of the Arctic in the North, to the bend of the Ural River in the South. Traditionally they form a boundary between Europe and Asia. The north- south course of the Urals is relatively narrow, varying from about 20 to 90 miles in width, but it cuts across the vast latitude landscape regions of the Eurasian landmass, from Arctic waste to semidesert; the Urals also are part of the Ural economic region, a highly developed industrial complex closely tied to the mineral-rich Siberian region, and are the home of people with roots reaching deep into history. Physical Features The Urals divide into five sections. The northernmost Polar Urals extend some 240 miles from Mount Konstantinov Kamen in the north-east to the Khulga River the southeast; most mountains rise to 3300-3600 feet above sea level, although the highest peak, Mount Payer reaches 4829 ft. The next stretch, the Nether-Polar Urals, extends for more than 140 miles south to the Shchugor River. This section contains the highest peaks of the entire range, including Mount Narodnaya which reaches 6217 ft. and Mount Karpinsk Which is 6161 ft. These first two sections are typically Alpine and are Strewn with Glaciers and are heavily marked with permafrost. Farther south come the Northern Urals, which stretch for more than 340 miles to the Usa River in the south; most mountains top 3300 feet, and the highest peak, Mount Telpos-Iz, rises 5305 ft. Many of the summits are flattened, the remnants of the ancient Peneplains uplifted by geographically tectonic movements. In the north, intensive weathering has resulted in vast "seas of stone" on mountain slopes and summits. The lower Central Urals extend more than 200 miles to the Ufa river, rarely exceeding 1600 ft., althought the highest peak Mount SrednyBascy, rises to 3261 ft. The summits are smooth, with isolated residual outcrops. The last portion, the Southern Urals, extends some 340 miles to the westward bend of the Ural River and consists of several parallel ridges rising to 3900 ft. and culminating in Mount Yamantau, 580 ft.; the section terminates in the wide uplands of the Mugadozer h ills. The People Human habitation of the Urals dates to the distant past, The Nenetes are Sanoyed people of the Pay-Khoyregion, and their language belongs to the Samoyedic group of languages, which is widespread throughout northern Siberia. The most numerous indigenous groups the Bashkir, long settled in the southern Urals speak a tongue relater to the Turkic group. The Russian population is the largest group of people and is concentrated primarily in the central and

What Roles Do Governments Play in the Fight against HIV/AIDS? How Big Are They?

In the fight against HIV/AIDS, there are many points-of-view as to who plays the bigger role. In reality governments and non government organizations play very big and important roles, measuring who plays the biggest role might be difficult to determine.Some governments such as the United States and the French governments have been known to be the biggest financial contributors to the fight against HIV/AIDS, but I will also be researching further to find out which countries have contributed the most in the past couple of years, and what type of contributions they have made such as financial contributions, summits, rallies, among others.HIV/AIDS threatens the development and propensity of countries around the world. It impacts heavily on individual's ability to be economically productive and the expenses incurred in treating HIV/AIDS treatment have been overwhelming.This is especially so in developing countries where pressure on the available health centers has mounted significantly a s more people get admitted for treatment of HIV/AIDS related complications. Life expectancy in most countries has gone down with up to twenty years highly decimating the workforce.The need to promote change in behavior in order to reduce occurrence of the pandemic and the ever increasing need to come to the aid of the victims is therefore inevitable. Approaches meant to fight discrimination and stigma faced by HIV/AIDS patients are also essential.It is almost impossible for private organizations to take these responsibilities mostly due to their limitation in funds. Governments have therefore taken center roles in the fight against HIV/AIDS establishing organizations to fight the pandemic while funding other private organizations to promote the fight against HIV/AIDS. There is therefore a dire need to fight HIV/AIDS and best suited to lead in these campaigns is the government.The governments mostly cannot participate in the rallies, seminars and summits held to promote AIDS awarenes s. It is through funding of the organizations involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS that it usually offers its support.AnalysisAccording to the UNAIDS World AIDS Day report, many countries have taken the initiatives of reviewing their national strategies to address HIV/AIDS with the growing danger of the pandemic. Due to this, new infections have decreased from three million in 2001 and 2.7 million in 2007. The death rate of patients with HIV/AIDS has also reduced significantly as a result of the availability of anti-retroviral treatments provided by most governments.Governments especially members of the United Nations have been actively involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS following the Millennium Development Goals set up during the Millennium Summit. The governments are required to make strategies that address the prevention, accessibility of medical care, prevention of mother to child and enhancement towards research and cure of the disease.Capable governments have also been r equested to make contributions into the global fund which will assist in the fight against HIV/AIDS in developing countries. Developing countries too have realized the impact of HIV/AIDS on their economies and they are coming up with policies to address the pandemic.The challenges however arise where the governments are willing but they cannot afford to fund the required projects. Global organizations such as the UNAIDS, IMF, World Bank and USAID are chipping in to assist the developing countries.Developed countries and especially America have been on the fore front in fighting HIV/AIDS in low and middle income countries especially in Africa where the pandemic has hit hard. These countries that provide funding for the low and middle income countries are known as donor countries.To further demonstrate the efforts that governments are putting in the fight against HIV/AIDS and to justify their roles in the fight, this study makes use of three countries that have made very significant e fforts. The United States has been ranked top in the fight against HIV/AIDS especially due to its involvement internationally.Canada and France have also displayed a similar passion to contribute to the fight against HIV/AIDS through participation in various campaigns and through funding of organizations involved in HIV/AIDS control and prevention.The United States has been very keen on the fight against HIV/AIDS making it a top priority in its national policies. The government funds both private and public organizations in the country to fight against HIV/AIDS. Apart from supporting the fight against HIV/AIDS within the country, U.S also funds international bodies in the fight against HIV.The U.S government through its numerous partnerships with organizations in Sub-Saharan Africa has been actively involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS. US made the largest contribution in Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria with their contribution making up about 33% of the total c ontribution.The U.S has mostly made use of PEPFAR and USAID to make their contribution in the fight against HIV/AIDS both in America and other parts of the world.The government of the United States made a breakthrough initiative when it came up with the United States president's Emergency Relief for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). This organization has played significant roles in the world through funding of projects of improvement of treatment and care of HIV patients.More details about PEPFAR will be described below. US have also been fighting the pandemic through USAID which is the principal government agency that extends help to other countries. At least $7 billion has been spent by USAID to fight HIV/AIDS. USAID is one of the partners of the President's Emergency Plan for Aids Relief in the U.S.

How does Coleridge tell the story in part 3 of Rime of the Ancient Mariner Essay

The opening line of part 3 in the first stanza, ‘THERE passed a weary time’, indicates to the reader that the Mariner is still in a state of suffering, continued from part 2. The capitalisation of the word, ‘there’, suggests that nature’s torture is only being directed at those on the ship. Coleridge furthers the idea of nature’s torture in this stanza through his use of death imagery, ‘each throat was parched and glazed each eye. ’ The word, ‘glazed’ implies a sort of mental vacancy or vegetation, whilst ‘parched’ denotes that they are completely dried out, not only are they dehydrated but they are dried out in the sense that the Mariner has now completely lost any remnant of hope and faith in nature. The enjambment in the line is used to highlight and emphasise the extent of the dehydration among the ship’s crew. However, by the 5th line, the tone of the stanza has become less sullen, shown through Coleridge’s deviation from the ballad form. The two extra lines mark the sense of hope newly acquired by the ship after they see a ‘something in the sky. ’ Both the second and third stanzas return to the traditional ballad form to show the ficklness of the Mariner’s hope. In stanza 2, Coleridge uses nebulous language, ‘shape’ and ‘seemed’, in this stanza in order to maintain the suspense caused by both the reader and the Mariner’s uncertainty about this ‘speck. ’ It’s also used to reflect the desperation of the Mariner, as his tone has become more positive despite the potentially dangerous object. The Mariner’s self-assured tone continues in the third stanza, shown through the structural device of punctuation, ‘A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist! ’ The exclamation is used in order to show the hopefullness of the Mariner, the internal rhyme used by Coleridge also creates an upbeat tone, as it speeds up the pace of the poem. Coleridge creates a contrast with the quote, ‘[the object] plunged and tacked and veered’, as the Mariner’s own ship is completely still, the contrast implies to the reader that, perhaps, this ‘sprite’ may be of the supernatural realm, as there is no breeze after all. In stanza 7, Coleridge deviates from the traditional ballad form, this time to make the reader aware of the threat that the shape imposes on the Mariner. Within the sestet, Coleridge uses a number of literary devices in order to communicate the danger the Mariner’s ship is now facing. We see the poet use elemental imagery with the quote, ‘the western wave was all-aflame. ’ The pairing of two conflicting elements, water and fire, almost seems unnatural, and is an example of the poem’s supernatural theme. Indeed, the imagery is used to indicate to the reader that the Mariner is now dealing with something supernatural. Coleridge also uses symbolism through the quote, ‘that strange shape drove suddenly betwist us and the Sun. ’ At this point, the Mariner is blocked from any source of light, and arguably, as God created light, this means he is completely cut off from God, and as a result any kind of assistance from God is being obstructed. Essentially, the mariner is unable to be protected or defended against any kind of harmful or supernatural being by this point. Similar symbolism is used in stanza 8, as ‘the Sun was flecked with bars’, suggesting that the sun has now been imprisioned by this object. The quote together with the simile, ‘through a dungeon-grate he peered’ implies that whatever has imprisioned the sun is perfectly capable of encaging the Mariner’s ship, increasing the fear felt by the Mariner at this moment in his story. In stanzas 10 and 11, the reader learns that ‘Death’ and ‘Life-in-Death’ are in charge of the mysterious ship. The personification and capitalisation of these two figures communicate to the reader the extent of their power. Coleridge triggers shock in the reader by abandoning the expected rhyme scheme, having an abccb rather than the routine and typically ballad-like abcb scheme, Coleridge’s manipulation of structure through capricious punctuation also adds to the shock; ‘is that Death? ’ A total of five questions are asked in stanza 10, creating a sense of both danger and uncertainty. In stanza 11, Coleridge is able to evoke shock from the reader once again when depicting ‘Life-in-Death. ’ The reader is first told that ‘her locks were yellow as gold,’ as the simile is fairly conventional, containing the typical romantic and regal imagery, Coleridge is able to fool us until he reveals that ‘her skin was white as leprosy. ’ The juxtaposition between ‘gold’ and ‘leprosy’ presents her as this liminal figure, whilst she has certain characteristics of a conventional seductress type; she is still ghost-like, even demonic. In stanzas 15, 16 and 17, Coleridge implies to the reader that Life-in-Death and Death’s trivialised game of death has led to the mariners’ deaths’ with the exemption of the Ancient Mariner. Already, on the first line of the 15th stanza, the ‘star-dogged Moon’ suggests that change is near. The Mariner communicates his constant guilt to the reader by prolonging the first line, ‘one after one’, the caesura, used to emphasise the slowing down of pace, also helps to reflect his remorse about the other mariners, who he feels responsible for. However, by the 16th stanza he speaks in a somewhat detached way as speaks with mathematical language, rather than emotionally engaged language, ‘four times fifty living men,’ despite his guilt. Alternatively, the Mariner may have become desensitised after, apparently, centuries of telling this story. Coleridge uses onomatopeoia in order to create a more vivid perception in the reader’s mind, ‘heavy thump, a lifeless lump. ’ The internal rhyme is used to heighten our auditory and visual senses even more, as it echoes the sound created by ‘thump’. The onomatopeic language is also used to echo the fact that the Mariner is now completely isolated. In the final stanza, we see another example of the Mariner’s feelings of guilt when he references his own shooting of the Albatross, ‘every soul†¦passed me by like the whizz of my cross-bow. ’ The Mariner’s routine remark about the Albatross at the end of each part suggest that his guilt is long lasting, as it has remained with him ever since. Essentially, the quote implies that his shooting of the albatross has resulted in the 200 deaths of his fellow mariners; part 3 leave us with the sense that the Mariner is now isolated, as well as wrapped up in guilt.

Global Warming Exaggerated Essay Example

Global Warming Exaggerated Essay Example Global Warming Exaggerated Paper Global Warming Exaggerated Paper The problem is that what is obvious often isnt true. Concern over global warming is overblown and misdirected. More than 17,000 scientists have signed a petition circulated by the Oregon Institute of Science saying in part, there in no convincing scientific evidence that human release Of carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases is causing or will, in the foreseeable future, cause catastrophic heating of the Earths atmosphere and disruption of the Earths climate. Satellite readings of temperatures in the lower troposphere show no warming since readings Egan 23 years ago. These readings are accurate within 0. 01 C, and are consistent with data from weather balloons. Only land-based temperature stations show a warming trend, and these stations do not cover the entire globe, and often contaminated by heat generated by nearly urban development, and are subject to human error (cited in American policy Roundtable, n. D. ). When it comes to government and industrial leaders, a certain number of these are not being honest to citizens about the amount of pollution the industries and countries create. According to Exact Weather, room an article called Hysteria, all the main players from politicians and scientists to big corporations and the United Nations benefit from instilling fear into billions of human beings over the unproven theory of man-made global warming, Indeed, just three weeks after the U. N. Ratcheted up international fears over global warming, a panel of 18 scientists from 1 1 countries has not reported to the U. N. That the only thing that can stop catastrophic climate change is a global tax on greenhouse gas emissions. : Global problems, real or conjured up, require global governmental solutions. Environmentalism is nothing less than the global elitists replacement ideology for communism/socialism. Elitists who desire to rule other peoples lives have gravitated an even more powerful ideology. More powerful because it seems to trump all other considerations, as it claims the very survival of life on earth is dependent on implementing its agenda. (cited in Exact Weather, n. D This is not the first time Americas major media has predicted an impending global climate crisis. It has happened four different time with each prediction warning that entire countries would be wiped out r that lower crop yields would mean the billions would die. In 1895, the panic was over an imminent ice age. Later, in the late 1 sass, when the earths surface warmed less than half a degree, the media jumped on a new threat ; global warming, which continued into the late sass. Then in 1975, the New York Times headlined that global cooling was inevitable. Then in 1 981, it was back to global warming, with the New York Times quoting seven government atmospheric scientists who predicted global warming of an almost unprecedented magnitude. (cited in Exact Weather, n. D. ). In an article written John Coleman, founder of the Weather Channel, he believes that not only is global warming the greatest scam in history, he believes some dastardly scientists with environmental and political motives manipulated long term scientific data to create an allusion of rapid global warming. Other scientists have also jumped into the circle to support and broaden the research to further enhance the totally slanted, bogus global warming claims. Mr.. Coleman also believes that any person who spends a decade at a university obtaining a PHD in Meteorology and become a research scientist, ore likely than not, becomes a part of that single minded culture. They all look askance like anyone, certain of their superiority. They respect government and disrespect business, particularly big business. They are environmentalists about all else. These scientists know that if they do research and results are in no way alarming their research will gather dust on the shelf and their research will languish. But if they do research that sounds alarms, they will become well know and respected and receive scholarly awards and, very importantly, more research dollars will come flooding their ay. These scientists had to strive to be accepted, invited to present and review papers and travel to international meetings of the committee. Otherwise they were a nobody in the field. When many researchers did climate change studies in the late asss they were eager to produce findings that would be important and be widely noticed and trigger more research funding. It was easy for them to manipulate the data to come up with results they wanted to make headlines and at the same time drive their environmental agendas. Then their like-minded Ph. D colleagues reviews their ark and hastened to endorse it without question (Coleman, n. D. ). Everyone has heard already that global warming is an international problem. Some say worldwide organizations are needed to address the worldwide issue to make sure all nations adhere to standardized pollution regulations. Some countries and the regions that compromise them have there own rules and regulations set to determine the daily life of how much electricity, coal, nuclear power, and other resources can be used, as well as how cars can be made, how buildings and bridges can be built as to not effect environmental damage. All of this comes at an extra cost to society and put more debt to these countries that implement the regulations. According to the article Destroying America to Save the World the Kyoto Treaty is a international treaty designed to cut emissions that already contribute to global warming. The heart Of the global warming dispute remains quite important. Scientists have been debating the reality of climate change and its potential impact for years. Despite extensive scientific opposition, worldwide environmental groups pushed for action that led to the 1997 Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change. The pact required reductions in emissions below 1990 levels for developed nations. When a BBC News report mentioned the estimated cost of the Kyoto Treaty if the United States implemented it, the result would be a damaging US economy with job losses and a increase in the price of energy by $2,000 per family. When the Fox News channel addressed the issue short, but to the point, it explained the reason for the U. S. Opposition was that the treaty would not force reductions by the developing nations including major polluters such as China, UT it would have cut emissions by about 30 percent beginning in 2008. Fox also mentioned that the supporters of the treaty believed the cost to American families was about $1 DO a year, while critics claimed it would have doubled the price of energy, costing families $2,700 a year. (Gainer, n. D. ) But this is not just the only example of regions, states, countries, or international communities imposing treaties or regulations that are costly. Arguments against Global Warming also mentions efforts by state governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are even more expensive and threaten to just state budgets. After raising their spending with reckless abandon during the sass, states now face a cumulative projected deficit of more than $90 billion. Incredibly, most states nevertheless, persist in backing unnecessary and expensive greenhouse gas reduction programs. New Jersey, for example, collected $358 millions a year in utility taxes to fund greenhouse gas reduction programs. Such programs will have no impact on global greenhouse gas emissions. All they do is destroy jobs and waste money (cited in American policy Roundtable, n. D. ). There are many developing nations that re beginning to feel the positive impact of economic growth and development. Some of those developing nations have shown high amounts of pollution that is clogging up these countries cities especially in China and India. The Kyoto protocol will not solve the problem because it costs are too much and there is skepticism about it among the international community. The best way to prevent developing countries from have revolutionary and economic uprisings is not through international public policies. In article called International Clean Energy Initiative from the Office of Science and Technology Policy, using Advanced, low-polluting energy technologies, developed and manufactured in the United States. It is an initiative built on a set of recommendations by the Presidents Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology and is directed at leveling the playing field between cleaner U. S. Energy technologies and services and polluting alternatives. While this technology carries higher up-front costs, and can be risky to decision-makers in developing countries, the real benefits of the initiative will help lay the technical and policy foundation that will allow developing and transition Mounties to build a clean energy future, leapfrogging past the polluting energy technologies used by the industrial countries. (cited in Office of Science and Technology Policy article, 2001, pig. ) The best option for world enforcement of pollution control, economic growth, and political stability is no regrets. Arguments against Global Warming mentions that while the alternative demands for immediate action to stop global warming, the best option is to do nothing. The best option is to invest in atmospheric research now and in reducing emissions sometimes in the future if the science comes more compelling. Right now, investments should be made to reduce emissions only when such inv estments make economic sense in their own right.

Free Essays on Comparing To Major Models In Organized Crime

A Comparison Of Two Major Models of Organized Crime: The Smith’s Enterprise Model and The Block Model  To understand a model of organized crime there must first be an understanding of what organized crime is. The American Heritage Dictionary (2000) defines it as; â€Å"Widespread criminal activities, such as prostitution, interstate theft, or illegal gambling, that occur within a centrally controlled formal structure .† Many Scholars use varies attributes to not completely define but identify organized crime. Organized crime can then be identified as a group that has no ideological, are hierarchical, have limited/exclusive membership, are perpetuitous, use illegal violence, demonstrate a division of labor, are governed by a code of secrecy (Potter, p.1a). Assuming that both definitions are correct then Smith’s Enterprise Model and Block’s Enterprise and Power Syndicate Model can be defined under these terms; or can it? Smith’s Enterprise Model began with a man named Dwight Smith who wrote the book The Mafia Mystique in 1975. This model based the idea that organized crime was basically a normal business operation that performed in the illegal market. It was the fundamentals of entrepreneurship that led to the organized crime sector because it was based out of illegal goods and services. This was first examined with a look at the 1920s when Prohibition was set forth. Once alcohol became illegal a huge black market arose which produced illegal goods by the new style gangsters. Smith’s role was also supported by Alan Block with his empirical study of the cocaine trade in New York City (cited in Potter b). Block concluded that there was not one monolithic criminal organization but several smaller ones based around this illegal entrepreneurship. (Potter, p.1-2b) Block’s Enterprise and Power Syndicate Model was founded by a man named Alan Block. He studied organized crime between 1930 and 1950 in New York City. ... Free Essays on Comparing To Major Models In Organized Crime Free Essays on Comparing To Major Models In Organized Crime A Comparison Of Two Major Models of Organized Crime: The Smith’s Enterprise Model and The Block Model  To understand a model of organized crime there must first be an understanding of what organized crime is. The American Heritage Dictionary (2000) defines it as; â€Å"Widespread criminal activities, such as prostitution, interstate theft, or illegal gambling, that occur within a centrally controlled formal structure .† Many Scholars use varies attributes to not completely define but identify organized crime. Organized crime can then be identified as a group that has no ideological, are hierarchical, have limited/exclusive membership, are perpetuitous, use illegal violence, demonstrate a division of labor, are governed by a code of secrecy (Potter, p.1a). Assuming that both definitions are correct then Smith’s Enterprise Model and Block’s Enterprise and Power Syndicate Model can be defined under these terms; or can it? Smith’s Enterprise Model began with a man named Dwight Smith who wrote the book The Mafia Mystique in 1975. This model based the idea that organized crime was basically a normal business operation that performed in the illegal market. It was the fundamentals of entrepreneurship that led to the organized crime sector because it was based out of illegal goods and services. This was first examined with a look at the 1920s when Prohibition was set forth. Once alcohol became illegal a huge black market arose which produced illegal goods by the new style gangsters. Smith’s role was also supported by Alan Block with his empirical study of the cocaine trade in New York City (cited in Potter b). Block concluded that there was not one monolithic criminal organization but several smaller ones based around this illegal entrepreneurship. (Potter, p.1-2b) Block’s Enterprise and Power Syndicate Model was founded by a man named Alan Block. He studied organized crime between 1930 and 1950 in New York City. ...